Mediawiki can be made to accomplish your goals - hacker level skills required ... though, even the above TWiki appears to be coding of some sort to accomplish the goal. 

It may not be much more complex than creating and using "fields" in Microsoft Word for mail merge, though.  The challenge is to find a reliable resource that supports your needs.  Any program may have 2,000 features or more.  Finding the few, the 5, 10, or 20 that matter to you, and then finding the support documentation, and then implementing them as promised - that is the hard part!  I probably have 4, maybe 6, custom features implemented in my Mediawiki installations, but those custom features took way longer to implement than it took to setup the entire initial working wikis themselves in the first place.

We all probably don't use more than 5% of our word processor's features, but at least those features we do use are common to most people - create, save, edit, print, and so on.  By now, they have become quite common and automated.

ANY database SHOULD have equivalent automatic tools to allow us to search, sort, select, and display reports on demand (as well as the standard create, save, edit, print, and so on), but the database under Mediawiki's PHP programming is MySQL (or other) and is not from the same group (in fact, the operating system, the database, the programming language, the wiki, and the browser we experience it all through, all come from different, unrelated suppliers who don't talk to each other, and point the finger at each other to avoid solving problems, or making their own product better!), so there's scant little integration of such perennial features.  20-year-old Quicken for DOS had better automation to search, sort, select, and display reports on demand than does Mediawiki.

The things we seem to want to do with wikis and web pages are still evolving and few if any are common enough to be acceptable as a rubber stamp or pre-ordained template.  We all seem to want something custom, even just a little unlike anyone else's, or maybe a little of this one, a little of that one.  Eventually, it comes down to custom programming on one level or another anyway, for the time being.

It may take some time before anyone develops a user friendly front-end that allows configuration, let alone CUSTOM configuration, via pre-ordained menus.  As far as I can tell, the wikis that offer a clean user interface for setup and configuration do not offer much power or flexibility through that interface, and either deny custom features at all, or require you to hack on your own if you want more. 

That said, there are hundreds of extensions already hacked together for MediaWiki by others, and you may find many tools that look promising at

http://www.mediawiki.org/wiki/Category:Extensions